The two prototypes of the F-1, both of which flew for the first time in June 1975, were modified T-2s with weapons systems equipment and test instrumentation in the rear cockpits. Powered by two 7,070 lb (3,207 kg) st with after-burning Ishikawajima-Harima TF40-IHI-801A (license-built Rolls-Royce/Turboméca Adour) turbofans, the F-1 was armed with a single 0.787 in (20 mm) JM61 multi-barrel cannon in the lower front fuselage and had provision for up to 6,000 lb (2,721 kg) of bombs or rockets on the fuselage center line and four wing hard points. Normal armament comprised two ASM-1 air-to-surface missiles and two or four AIM-9 Sidewinder air-to-air missiles.
The JASDF purchased 77 F-1s, 70 of these being retrofitted during 1991-93 to enable them to remain in service until 1999-2000. The retrofit included installation of an advanced fire control system, provision of a stronger cockpit canopy and compatibility with the ASM-2 anti-shipping missile and XGCS homing bomb."